Is it ethical to eat Meat free essay sample

A common controversial topic that is debated in many society’s, especially in Europe and North America, is the ethics of consuming meat. There has been a rise in vegetarians, as persuasive journalist and companies such as PETA have introduced their opinion on eating meat and how it is morally wrong. Even with this rise of vegetarians, there is a prediction that the global meat consumption will double by the year of 2020 (Singer). As the need for meat rises, there will be an increase of factory farming, practically an animal torture facility that is a negative contributor to climate change. With the torturing of animals, a negative influence on climate change, and humans having the ability to survive without consuming meat, is it still ethical to consume it? The quick answer is, surprisingly, yes; although, the meat in question has to be different than the factory farmed meat which the majority of Americans consume. We will write a custom essay sample on Is it ethical to eat Meat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many writers and organizations, such as Peter Singer, are against the use of meat; they argue â€Å"that factory farming of animals – also known as CAFOs, or concentrated animal feeding operations – is morally wrong. This belief is correct, as the way they treat the animals is horrendous. The animals spend most of their entire lives restrained inside sheds, not being able to go outside, ever. Their crates are so narrow that they are unable to turn around and barely move. The animals are restricted in this same position for days on end, and become frustrated from this inactivity and end up attacking one another. For chickens that are seen exhibiting aggressive behavior, producers sear off their beaks which have sensitive nerves in them, in an attempt to stop the loss of chickens. â€Å"Chickens, reared in sheds that hold 20,000 birds, now are bred to grow so fast that most of them develop leg problems because their immature bones cannot bear the weight of their bodies† (Singer). With this horrible treatment of these animals, it is surprising they are still able to partake today. Although with the high need for meat, and in order for it to be cheap, companies still continue the awful treatment of these animals. Factory farming not only is a place where animals are tortured to a point that it is hard to comprehend. Factory farming also has a large negative effect on the environment; these factories contribute large amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere, linking to global warming (Pluhar 457). These factory farms store their waste in giant lagoons and cut down a large amount of forests in order to grow crops to feed the animals. This cutting down of the forest has a contributor for fossil fuel emissions, â€Å"during the 1990’s, tropical deforestation in brazil, India, Indonesia, Sudan and other developing countries cause 15 percent to 35 percent of annual global fossil fuel emissions. Most of these fossil fuels are put into the atmosphere from the fuel being burned to operate vehicles and equipment. Cattle contribute methane emissions, due to their poor quality food, causing their digestive systems to be out of balance. The farms themselves cannot not take the full blame, as many of the greenhouse gas emissions come from the processing, transportation, storage, retailing and food preparation (Niman). Factory farming is the fuse to the time bomb of climate change waiting to happen. With the horrible treatment of these animals and the negative effects on the environment, how could consuming meat be ethically right? These animals are tortured by us, yet have the same, if not higher, intelligence than an infant or a severally mentally challenged individual. Yet, we still partake in these horrific events, even though they have a full capability to perceive pain. (Pollan) To even imagine a life where humans are treated much like these factory farmed animals is something out of science fiction and would possibly be our worst nightmare. To add to the negative factors, these factory farms have such a big effect on the environment, where it is a possibility that every species that inhibits this planet could be wiped out, since global warming could create and unbalance on this delicate planet. Yet we still participate in this form of producing meat. Nonetheless, the ethics of eating meat by itself is morally right, if it is done in a way where the animals are treated humanely. All humans are designed and evolved as omnivores. We grow relatively enormous brains, giving us an evolutionary advantage; we need large amounts of high-quality protein to develop these brains. Even though a chimp is larger than a human, our brains are about three times the size. Human guts and teeth are designed to consume meat. Although a human’s gut started off as an herbivorous one, through adaptation the colon and stomach have been designed to include animal proteins in a mixed diet. Herbivores have large grinding molar teeth, in order to break down plants, which are difficult to chew (DEB). Although our molars and premolars are reduced in size, compared to out ape-like relatives, and we also have a smaller muscles that are used in chewing, resulting in the difference of our skulls to primates, â€Å"the various crests and ridges of bone used to anchor the large chewing muscles [are] no longer needed. † (DEB) Our metabolism is also another indication of humans being omnivores, specifically the need for Vitamin B12. Herbivores get this vitamin from bacteria that produce it in their gut, although humans only have these bacteria inside their colon, and the vitamins cannot be absorbed there. So the only natural way for humans to acquire this vitamin is through animal products. Even though humans are designed to consume meat, Vegetarians and vegans have the capability to survive without it. Today we have the ability to process and grow food, something that our primary ancestors were not able to do. So it is actually possible to be a vegetarian and be healthy, as long as one consumes a fine source of proteins and nutrients that meat is able to provide. â€Å"Beans and legumes are excellent sources of vegetable protein and different vegetables will help with iron, especially if combined with vitamin C. † (DEB) Yet, many vegetarians are able to get enough vitamin B12 from milk and/or eggs, although most commercial milk and eggs are produced at factory farms, where the animals spend about 20 percent of their lives in chronic pain. So the ethical factor of consuming meat, that animals are tortured and used much like machinery, still is in play, even for a vegetarian. Vegans, who do not consume any form of food involved with animals, need to have a variety of artificial supplements, in order to receive the vitamins and proteins essential for the human diet. Unfortunately, most vitamin supplements provide very little health benefits and are often harmful. Children who are raised vegetarian could also be at risk, as they have different nutritional needs than adults do (DEB). Children are continuously growing, and have not yet obtained the large brains that adults have already developed. As their brains and body grow and them being hyperactive, they need to be monitored so that they receive the right nutrients. This brings up a moral dilemma that the consumption of meat is morally right, yet the way we do it today is not. The answer to this problem is to buy food from local farms, avoid processed foods, and those from industrialized farms. Buy from farms that treat the animals like living beings, instead of machines. Where they are fed properly, treated with care, and live a sustainable life. Cutting out meat altogether does not solve the problem, as many animals that are used for consumption are only alive today from us. If all humans stop consuming meat, there is a probability that these animals will become instinct, like the many species that are becoming extinct today. The only exception to this are the ones that benefit humans, such as domesticated animals, and ones used for food. As a result, if the boycott of factory farms takes place, yet a rise in local farms also takes place, this will not only benefit the animals’ way of living, but also the environment. Livestock grazing can â€Å"decrease soil erosion by 80 percent and markedly improve water quality. † (Niman) If animals are fed properly it could also lower the emissions of methane gas, and if fed in pastures and grasslands it could help lower global warming by acting as carbon sinks (Niman). In a result, it removes many of the ethical and environmental problems that are illustrated in factory farming. Ultimately, the consumption of food today is something that needs to change, as it represents more than just an ethical dilemma. As billions of animals are tortured a year, and thousands of ecosystems are destroyed in order to carry on this torture, there has to be change. The boycott of factory farming needs to happen, and only we, as individuals, have the capability to make this happen. I do not believe that the majority of humans can stop consuming meat, and there is no real need to do so; however we do have the capability to purchase from local farms, supporting not only the humane treatment of animals, but also the environment.

Mars Rover Space Mission essays

Mars Rover Space Mission essays Robot Cars on Mars: Instruments and Future Advancements For many years scientists that studied the planet mars have tried to make a remote controlled vehicle that could withstand the arrival, landing, and that could gather useful information that could bring us to understand the ways of Mars. Whatever info that was gathered has come from Arial photos and thermal readings. The world has made numerous prototypes of different kinds of vehicles that could travel to the moon, but none of them has come close to the newly built ROVER. The Rover is equipped with several different reading systems that I will explain about. There has also been a lot of myths about mars, like what the face on its surface means, or if theirs life on Mars, and with this device we might just learn a little more about those topics. The overall competition that the rover faces was APEX which only featured one instrument, but the Rover offers six different tools which dig, tell temperature, and if water was once in a certain spot. The detailed descriptions of the tools are as follows. A pancam is the eyes of the operation. The Rover holds two of these high-resolution, digital cameras on its mast. It has a panoramic 3-D view of mars with unbelievable resolution. It beats the cameras on the pathfinder about 4 times with its resolution. These cameras offer the best look at mars yet. Scientists will see not only where certain Martian surface features around the Lander are located, but also which features warrant further investigation. Pancam imaging can tell the story of Martian rock distribution, dunes, and maybe ancient waterways. Imaging at different wavelengths can even tell about the mineralogical make-up of the Martian surface it pictures. The next instrument is the Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer or (Mini-TES). This operation works when the Mini-TES observes the infrared (or thermal) radiation emitted by rocks and soils. Most minerals have their...

Biography of Heinrich Hertz

Biography of Heinrich Hertz Physics students around the world are familiar with the work of Heinrich Hertz, the German physicist who proved that electromagnetic waves definitely exist. His work in electrodynamics paved the way for many  modern uses of light (also known as electromagnetic waves). The frequency unit that physicists use is named the Hertz in his honor. Fast Facts Heinrich Hertz Full Name: Heinrich Rudolf HertzBest Known For: Proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves, Hertzs principle of least curvature, and the photoelectric effect.Born: February 22, 1857 in Hamburg, GermanyDied: January 1, 1894 in  Bonn, Germany, at age 36Parents: Gustav Ferdinand Hertz and Anna Elisabeth PfefferkornSpouse: Elisabeth Doll, married 1886Children: Johanna and MathildeEducation: Physics and mechanical engineering, was a professor of physics in various institutes.Significant Contributions: Proved that electromagnetic waves propagated various distances through the air, and summarized how objects of different materials affect each other on contact. Early Life and Education Heinrich Hertz was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1857. His parents were Gustav Ferdinand Hertz (a lawyer) and Anna Elisabeth Pfefferkorn. Although his father was born Jewish, he converted to Christianity and the children were raised as Christians. This did not stop the Nazis from dishonoring Hertz after his death, due to the taint of Jewishness, but his reputation was restored after World War II. The young Hertz was educated at the Gelehrtenschule des Johanneums in Hamburg, where he showed a deep interest in scientific subjects. He went on to study engineering in Frankfurt under such scientists as Gustav Kirchhoff and Hermann Helmholtz. Kirchhoff specialized in studies of radiation, spectroscopy, and electrical circuit theories. Helmholtz was a physicist who developed theories about vision, the perception of sound and light, and the fields of electrodynamics and thermodynamics. It is small wonder then, that the young Hertz became interested in some of the same theories and eventually did his lifes work in the fields of contact mechanics and electromagnetism. Life's Work and Discoveries After earning a Ph.D. in 1880, Hertz took up a series of professorships where he taught physics and theoretical mechanics. He married Elisabeth Doll in 1886 and they had two daughters. Hertzs doctoral dissertation focused on James Clerk Maxwells theories of electromagnetism. Maxwell worked in mathematical physics until his death in 1879 and formulated what is now known as Maxwells Equations. They describe, through mathematics, the functions of electricity and magnetism. He also predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. Hertzs work focused on that proof, which took him several years to achieve. He constructed a simple dipole antenna with a spark gap between the elements, and he managed to produce radio waves with it. Between 1879 and 1889, he did a series of experiments that used electrical and magnetic fields to produce waves that could be measured. He established that the velocity of the waves was the same as the speed of light, and studied the characteristics of the fields he generated, measuring their magnitude, polarization, and reflections. Ultimately, his work showed that light and other waves he measured were all a form of electromagnetic radiation that could be defined by Maxwells equations. He proved through his work that electromagnetic waves can and do move through the air.   In addition, Hertz focused on a concept called the photoelectric effect, which occurs when an object with electrical charge loses that charge very quickly when it is exposed to light, in his case, ultraviolet radiation. He observed and described the effect, but never explained why it happened. That was left to Albert Einstein, who published his own work on the effect. He suggested that light (electromagnetic radiation) consists of energy carried by electromagnetic waves in little packets called quanta. Hertzs studies and Einsteins later work eventually became the basis for an important branch of physics called quantum mechanics.  Hertz and his student Phillip Lenard also worked with cathode rays, which are produced inside vacuum tubes by electrodes.   Heinrich Hertzs portrait and drawings of electrical fields that he studied appeared on a German postage stamp in 1994. Deutsche Bundespost. What Hertz Missed Interestingly, Heinrich Hertz did not think his experiments with electromagnetic radiation, particularly radio waves, had any practical value. His attention was focused solely on theoretical experiments. So, he proved that electromagnetic waves propagated through the air (and space). His work led others to experiment even further with other aspects of radio waves and electromagnetic propagation. Eventually, they stumbled across the concept of using radio waves to send signals and messages, and other inventors used them to create telegraphy, radio broadcasting, and eventually television. Without Hertzs work, however, todays use of radio, TV, satellite broadcasts, and cellular technology wouldnt exist. Nor would the science of radio astronomy, which relies heavily on his work.   Other Scientific Interests Hertzs scientific accomplishments werent limited to electromagnetism. He also did a great deal of research on the topic of contact mechanics, which is the study of solid matter objects that touch each other. The big questions in this area of study have to do with the stresses the objects produce on each other, and what role friction plays in interactions between their surfaces. This is an important field of study in mechanical engineering. Contact mechanics affect design and construction in such objects as combustion engines, gaskets, metalworks, and also objects that have electrical contact with each other.   Hertzs work in contact mechanics began in 1882 when he published a paper titled On the Contact of Elastic Solids, where he was actually working with the properties of stacked lenses. He wanted to understand how their optical properties would be affected. The concept of Hertzian stress is named for him and describes the pinpoint stresses that objects undergo as they contact each other, particularly in curved objects.   Later Life Heinrich Hertz worked on his research and lecturing until his death on January 1, 1894. His health began failing several years prior to his death, and there was some evidence he had cancer.  His final years were taken up with teaching, further research, and several operations for his condition. His final publication, a book titled  Die Prinzipien der Mechanik (The Principles of Mechanics), was sent to the printer a few weeks before his death.   Honors Hertz was honored not only by the use of his name for the fundamental period of a wavelength, but his name appears on a memorial medal and a crater on the Moon. An institute called the Heinrich-Hertz Institute for Oscillation Research was founded in 1928, known today as the Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, HHI. The scientific tradition continued with various members of his family, including his daughter Mathilde, who became a famous biologist. A nephew, Gustav Ludwig Hertz, won a Nobel prize, and other family members made significant scientific contributions in medicine and physics.   Bibliography â€Å"Heinrich Hertz and Electromagnetic Radiation.† AAAS - The Worlds Largest General Scientific Society, www.aaas.org/heinrich-hertz-and-electromagnetic-radiation. www.aaas.org/heinrich-hertz-and-electromagnetic-radiation.Molecular Expressions Microscopy Primer: Specialized Microscopy Techniques - Fluorescence Digital Image Gallery - Normal African Green Monkey Kidney Epithelial Cells (Vero), micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/hertz.html.http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hertz_Heinrich.htmlâ€Å"Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.† Cardan Biography, www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Hertz_Heinrich.html.

Implementing and Evaluating Public Policy Simulation Summary_303 Essay

Implementing and Evaluating Public Policy Simulation Summary_303 - Essay Example Lobbyists have been known and branded for their influence on how policies are developed and which ones are actually seen by the light of day. Influence peddlers are rampant in the halls of Congress. Lobbying has turned into a profession and has since been regulated. â€Å"A professional lobbyist – one who has mastered the techniques of lobbying†¦Ã¢â‚¬â€œ is a valuable ally to any interest group seeking to influence government† (Sidlow and Henschen, 2009, p.141). They represent the loud minority view and quite often are fuelled by large corporations with deep pockets. In the given case involving Governor Nunez and outsourcing, one member of his team is Sylvia Baldwin, a corporate lobbyist for Levine & Associates closely associated to Information Technology. Another is Dr. Ramona Gaitanis who is an advocate of free trade and global competitiveness, which is the very essence of outsourcing. Seemingly, the only neutral member of the team is William Morrison who is an e xpert in policy initiatives but his stance on the issue was not made clear. Upon looking at the qualifications of the team members, it is apparent that they are one-dimensional which makes it understandable why the Governor voted for outsourcing. Without powerful interest groups, lobbyists are bound to get their way with impunity disregarding other stakeholders. To reiterate, there is no black without white and that both must co-exist for the general good. There is a great possibility that continued fine-tuning in policy implementation renders the implementer to overlook the core problem he is trying to solve. By trying to translate the spirit of the policy through its implementation, or at least make it workable, the implementer somewhat develops tunnel vision and forgets the main purpose of the policy. Program implementation is different from development and this

The Rationale for Nursing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Rationale for Nursing Management - Essay Example Besides the levels of glucose may be low than normal. Therefore, the intervention of infusing with dextrose is needed to prevent the body from turning to the use of ketone bodies, which may predispose to the development of diabetic ketoacidosis. However, this is only appropriate intervention if the body glucose level is less than 3mmol/l (Kable & Bourgeois 2014; p. 61). Therefore, the infusion of the patient with 4% dextrose may have exacerbated the rise in blood sugars. Besides, non-adherence to the diabetic diet is a major contributor to rising in blood sugars (Rebeiro, et al. 2013; p. 308). When the people with type II diabetes eats food with rich in sugar, their body is unable to convert it to glycogen, hence their blood glucose level will rise. Similarly, non-adherences to the drug regimen are crucial for these people. When they fail to take the drugs as prescribed, their body fails to regulate the blood sugars, therefore, an increase in blood glucose in the body (Rebeiro, et al 2013; p. 308). On the other hand, infusion of normal saline is appropriate. Normal saline expands the blood volume causing the diluting effect of blood (Kable & Bourgeois 2014; p. 61). As a result, the body will be supplied with adequate sugar. Besides, it prevents blood viscosity and reduces the polydipsia effect that is experienced by the patient (Rebeiro, et al. 2013; p. 308). Finally, the insulin infusion corrects the glucose level. In type II diabetes mellitus, oral hypoglycemics are encouraged. However, when sugars surge over the normal, insulin infusion forms a quick remedy from the progression o to diabetic ketoacidosis. The rationale for this is that HHNS is likely to develop in diabetes mellitus type II patient if they fail to control the blood sugars.

Comparing Romanticism in Plymouth Plantation, Birthmark, and Rappaccini

  Ã‚     Puritanism and Romanticism differ in style, religious references, and plot content. Puritanism began to flourish with strict God-fearing Calvinists who had fled to America to escape religious persecution in Europe. With writers such as William Bradford and Edward Taylor, Puritan literature focuses on God's role in the lives of the people and adopts a simple religious style of writing. Romanticism was introduced to Americans in the nineteenth century, delivering a fresh literary and artistic style. This new literature pays more attention to the elements of tone, mood, and atmosphere, while also applying religion in the form of transcendentalism. These two types of literature are similar in the respect that they both encourage living simply. Puritan writers were concerned more with the message the literature portrayed than with form and dramatic elements. "Poetry was used to educated its reader, and was written using simple rhythm and common images" (Heimert 34). Puritan literature was plain in style. Much attention focused on God's will in the new world, man's relation to God, the nature of faith, and the history of New England. We can see these elements in the writings of William Bradford, the Governor of the Plymouth colony. "Of Plymouth Plantation" is considered to be New England's first literary achievement. It "is an historical account of the journey to the new world, and the hardships encountered upon arrival" (Fritscher 81). This poem was written to "preserve both the record and the fact of Plymouth's separate identity" (Heimert 51). Bradford's objective was to preach God's purpose in the founding of the Plymouth colony. "Of Plymouth Plantation" has two major themes: how Plymouth had failed the original goal of e... ...uestioning of reason and nature separated him from the Puritans. Yet both Romanticism and Puritanism are similar with their respect for simplicity, while they differ in many other ways.   Works Cited Boewe, Charles. "Rappaccini's Garden." American Literature. Bloomington: Indiana UP, 1959. Fritscher, John. "The Sensibility and Conscious Style of Willaim Bradford." Bucknell Review. 1969. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Young Goodman Brown and Other Short Stories. New York: Dover Publications, INC. 1992. Heimer, Alan. The Puritans in America: A Narrative Anthology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985. Leone, Bruno, ed. Readings on Nathaniel Hawthorne. San Diego: Greenhave Press, 1996. McPherson, Hugo. Hawthorne as a Myth-Maker: A Study in the Imagination. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1989. Morison, Samuel. Of Plymouth Plantation. New York, Knopf, 1952.

What Impression Does Steinbeck Give of Life in the Bunkhouse?

What impression does Steinbeck give of life in the bunkhouse at the beginning of the novel? Steinbeck describes the bunk house as a plain, dark, hostile place with â€Å"small, square windows†, this creates the impression of a dark, lonely environment. The workers don’t have proper chairs to sit on, using â€Å"grouped boxes†, this shows that there is no comfort within the bunkhouse. The workers belongings are kept in an â€Å"apple box† which shows little luxury and comfort. This image is the opposite to the image of the brush; a tranquil, safe place.Using words like â€Å"he stepped out the door into the brilliant sunshine† creates the image of an oppressive room, somewhere you wouldn’t want to stay; a sense of danger nearby. Hierarchy in the ranch is important, some of the characters use body language and clothing to show their status about the ranch. Age has a lot to do with hierarchy in the ranch. We first see this in the image of Candyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s dog, the dog is old and lame, parallel to the image of Candy. The dog is shot later on in the novel because it is worthless in the ranch, because of age similar to Candy.The amount of work Candy can do is limited because of disability and when the boss thinks he cannot do anything else in the ranch, he will be fired and have nowhere to go. The natural authority shows when Candy talks about Crooks, â€Å"Ya see the stable buck’s a nigger. â€Å" this shows that race in the ranch is important in in the hierarchy of the ranch. Crooks is not allowed into the bunkhouse because of race, he sleeps elsewhere, he is lower in the hierarchy of the ranch.Some characters on the ranch have to show their authority by the way that they dress, the boss is an example â€Å"he wore high-heeled boots and spurs to prove he was not a labouring man† this tells us that the boss does not have natural authority within the workers on the ranch and has to prove that he is the boss. Ste inbeck does not give the boss a name because he is such a minimal character in the novel, this shows he is not involved with the workers very much throughout this novel.Curley is another example of this â€Å"like the boss, he wore high-heeled boots† Curley feels threatened by bigger men because he is quite small and feels as though he has to act tougher to be more respected. Curley feels that making up rumours about his wife, â€Å"Curley says he’s keepin’ that hand soft for his wife† will possibly gain him more respect, like he has something to prove, but instead the workers think its disgusting. Another example of natural hierarchy is Slim. Candy tells George and Lennie about Slim as if he is the boss, â€Å"Slim don’t need to wear no high-heeled boots on a grain team. this tells us that all of the workers respect him, he is a natural leader and it doesn’t matter what he wears, they’ll still respect him up to the point Curley apol ogises to him. In the bunkhouse George is suspicious of Candy, â€Å"George said sceptically† this tells us about the distrust between George and the other workers. From this quote we can see the itinerant workers lifestyle, and how isolated and lonely the lifestyle is. When Candy is speaking â€Å"George pretended a lack of interest† which tells us that he doesn’t want to get to involved with the stories Candy tells him.